Mantra (from "man" = mind + "tra" = instrument/tool) is a sacred utterance — a syllable, word, or phrase — believed to have spiritual power. Mantras serve as instruments for focusing the mind, invoking divine energy, and transforming consciousness. Types include: Bija Mantras (seed syllables like Om, Hreem, Shreem), Saguna Mantras (with form, dedicated to specific deities like "Om Namah Shivaya"), Nirguna Mantras (formless, like "Aham Brahmasmi"), and Maha Mantras (great mantras like the Hare Krishna Maha Mantra). Mantras are traditionally received from a Guru through Diksha (initiation). Chanting is done through three methods: Vachika (aloud), Upamshu (whispered), and Manasika (mental — considered most powerful). The standard count is 108 repetitions (one mala), with the number 108 being sacred in Hindu cosmology.