Brahma Muhurta (literally "the hour of Brahma/Creator") is the auspicious time period approximately 1 hour 36 minutes before sunrise, lasting 48 minutes. In practice, it is generally observed as 4:00-5:30 AM. This period is considered the most conducive time for spiritual practices because the mind is naturally calm after sleep, the atmosphere has the highest concentration of Sattva (purity), and cosmic energy (Prana) is at its peak. Ayurveda recommends waking during Brahma Muhurta for optimal health. The Ashtanga Hridaya states that knowledge gained during this time is deeply retained. Recommended activities include meditation, Japa (mantra chanting), Pranayama (breathing exercises), study of scriptures, and Yoga practice.