Back to Glossary
Philosophy & Concepts

Atmanआत्मन्

The individual soul or true self, eternal and unchanging.

Detailed Explanation

Atman is the innermost self or soul in Hindu philosophy — the true, eternal essence of every living being that exists beyond the body, mind, and ego. The Upanishads teach that the Atman is not born, does not die, and cannot be destroyed: "Na jayate mriyate va kadachin" (Bhagavad Gita 2.20). The relationship between Atman and Brahman (Universal Soul) is the central question of Hindu philosophy. Advaita Vedanta holds that Atman and Brahman are identical ("Tat Tvam Asi" — Thou Art That); Vishishtadvaita sees Atman as a part of Brahman; Dvaita maintains they are eternally distinct. Realizing the true nature of the Atman — as distinct from the body, mind, and ego — is the key to Moksha. The Atman is described as Sat-Chit-Ananda: existence (Sat), consciousness (Chit), and bliss (Ananda).

Explore on Hindu Hub